Method and apparatus for transmitting positioning information in sidelink communication system

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus for transmitting positioning information in sidelink communication system is provided. A first wireless device determines positioning information of the first wireless device based on a position of the first wireless device. A first wireless device split the positioning information into first positioning information and second positioning information. A first wireless device transmits, to a second wireless device, the first positioning information via sidelink control information (SCI). A first wireless device transmits, to the second wireless device, the second positioning information via a data unit.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus fortransmitting positioning information in sidelink communication system.

RELATED ART

3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long-term evolution (LTE) is atechnology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemeshave been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim toreduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand andimprove coverage and system capacity. The 3GPP LTE requires reduced costper bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequencyband, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate powerconsumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement.

Work has started in international telecommunication union (ITU) and 3GPPto develop requirements and specifications for new radio (NR) systems.3GPP has to identify and develop the technology components needed forsuccessfully standardizing the new RAT timely satisfying both the urgentmarket needs, and the more long-term requirements set forth by the ITUradio communication sector (ITU-R) international mobiletelecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Further, the NR should be able touse any spectrum band ranging at least up to 100 GHz that may be madeavailable for wireless communications even in a more distant future.

The NR targets a single technical framework addressing all usagescenarios, requirements and deployment scenarios including enhancedmobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type-communications (mMTC),ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), etc. The NR shallbe inherently forward compatible.

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is the passing of informationfrom a vehicle to any entity that may affect the vehicle, and viceversa. It is a vehicular communication system that incorporates othermore specific types of communication as vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I),vehicle-to-network (V2N), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V),vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), vehicle-to-device (V2D) and vehicle-to-grid(V2G).

SUMMARY

A wireless device may transmit a Sidelink Control Information (SCI) andSL data on SL Shared Channel (SL-SCH) to another wireless device for aservice.

For NR V2X sidelink, the service should be served based on thecommunication range such as a distance between the wireless device andthe other wireless device. However, the wireless device can not exactlyidentify how far the other wireless device is located from the wirelessdevice.

Therefore, studies for transmitting positioning information in sidelinkcommunication system is needed.

In an aspect, a method performed by a first wireless device in awireless communication system is provided. A first wireless devicedetermines positioning information of the first wireless device based ona position of the first wireless device. A first wireless device splitthe positioning information into first positioning information andsecond positioning information. A first wireless device transmits, to asecond wireless device, the first positioning information via sidelinkcontrol information (SCI). A first wireless device transmits, to thesecond wireless device, the second positioning information via a dataunit.

In another aspect, a first wireless device in a wireless communicationsystem is provided. A first wireless device includes a transceiver, amemory, and at least one processor operatively coupled to thetransceiver and the memory. The at least one processor is configured todetermine positioning information of the first wireless device based ona position of the first wireless device. The at least one processor isconfigured to split the positioning information into first positioninginformation and second positioning information. The at least oneprocessor is configured to control the transceiver to transmit, to asecond wireless device, the first positioning information via sidelinkcontrol information (SCI). The at least one processor is configured tocontrol the transceiver to transmit, to the second wireless device, thesecond positioning information via a data unit.

The present disclosure can have various advantageous effects.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a wirelessdevice could transmit positioning information efficiently in sidelinkcommunication system.

For example, a wireless device may transmit location information via adirect link with the other wireless device by splitting location of thewireless device into two parts.

For example, the wireless device may determine a communication rangebased on the location of the other wireless device transmitted via thedirect link.

For example, the wireless device could reliably support a quality of aservice in sidelink communication based on the communication range.

For example, the wireless device may be provided the communication rangefor the direct link.

Advantageous effects which can be obtained through specific embodimentsof the present disclosure are not limited to the advantageous effectslisted above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effectsthat a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understandand/or derive from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specificeffects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitlydescribed herein, but may include various effects that may be understoodor derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to whichimplementations of the present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations ofthe present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless device to which implementations ofthe present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 4 shows another example of wireless devices to whichimplementations of the present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 5 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the presentdisclosure is applied.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show an example of protocol stacks in a 3GPP basedwireless communication system to which implementations of the presentdisclosure is applied.

FIG. 8 shows a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communicationsystem to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 9 shows a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system to whichimplementations of the present disclosure is applied.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show an example of PC5 protocol stacks to whichimplementations of the present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 12 shows an example of PC5 link setup to which implementations ofthe present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 13 shows an example of security mode control to whichimplementations of the present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 14 shows an example of PC5 link release to which implementations ofthe present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 15 shows an example of a method for transmitting positioninginformation in sidelink communication system, according to someembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 shows an example of a method for transmitting positioninginformation in sidelink communication system, according to someembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 shows an example of a method for transmitting positioninginformation in sidelink communication system, according to someembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 shows an example of a method for transmitting positioninginformation in sidelink communication system, according to someembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 shows an example of a method for transmitting positioninginformation in sidelink communication system, according to someembodiments of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION

The following techniques, apparatuses, and systems may be applied to avariety of wireless multiple access systems. Examples of the multipleaccess systems include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, afrequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time divisionmultiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multipleaccess (OFDMA) system, a single carrier frequency division multipleaccess (SC-FDMA) system, and a multicarrier frequency division multipleaccess (MC-FDMA) system. CDMA may be embodied through radio technologysuch as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA maybe embodied through radio technology such as global system for mobilecommunications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), or enhanceddata rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be embodied through radiotechnology such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers(IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or evolved UTRA(E-UTRA). UTRA is a part of a universal mobile telecommunications system(UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution(LTE) is a part of evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE employsOFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL. LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is an evolvedversion of 3GPP LTE.

For convenience of description, implementations of the presentdisclosure are mainly described in regards to a 3GPP based wirelesscommunication system. However, the technical features of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the followingdetailed description is given based on a mobile communication systemcorresponding to a 3GPP based wireless communication system, aspects ofthe present disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP based wirelesscommunication system are applicable to other mobile communicationsystems.

For terms and technologies which are not specifically described amongthe terms of and technologies employed in the present disclosure, thewireless communication standard documents published before the presentdisclosure may be referenced.

In the present disclosure, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or“both A and B”. In other words, “A or B” in the present disclosure maybe interpreted as “A and/or B”. For example, “A, B or C” in the presentdisclosure may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination ofA, B and C”.

In the present disclosure, slash (/) or comma (,) may mean “and/or”. Forexample, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “onlyA”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, Bor C”.

In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”,“only B” or “both A and B”. In addition, the expression “at least one ofA or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” in the present disclosure may beinterpreted as same as “at least one of A and B”.

In addition, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” maymean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B and C”.In addition, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/orC” may mean “at least one of A, B and C”.

Also, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean “for example”.In detail, when it is shown as “control information (PDCCH)”, “PDCCH”may be proposed as an example of “control information”. In other words,“control information” in the present disclosure is not limited to“PDCCH”, and “PDDCH” may be proposed as an example of “controlinformation”. In addition, even when shown as “control information(i.e., PDCCH)”, “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “controlinformation”.

Technical features that are separately described in one drawing in thepresent disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

Although not limited thereto, various descriptions, functions,procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts of thepresent disclosure disclosed herein can be applied to various fieldsrequiring wireless communication and/or connection (e.g., 5G) betweendevices.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detailwith reference to drawings. The same reference numerals in the followingdrawings and/or descriptions may refer to the same and/or correspondinghardware blocks, software blocks, and/or functional blocks unlessotherwise indicated.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to whichimplementations of the present disclosure is applied.

The 5G usage scenarios shown in FIG. 1 are only exemplary, and thetechnical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5Gusage scenarios which are not shown in FIG. 1 .

Three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) a category ofenhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) a category of massive machine typecommunication (mMTC), and (3) a category of ultra-reliable and lowlatency communications (URLLC).

Partial use cases may require a plurality of categories for optimizationand other use cases may focus only upon one key performance indicator(KPI). 5G supports such various use cases using a flexible and reliablemethod.

eMBB far surpasses basic mobile Internet access and covers abundantbidirectional work and media and entertainment applications in cloud andaugmented reality. Data is one of 5G core motive forces and, in a 5Gera, a dedicated voice service may not be provided for the first time.In 5G, it is expected that voice will be simply processed as anapplication program using data connection provided by a communicationsystem. Main causes for increased traffic volume are due to an increasein the size of content and an increase in the number of applicationsrequiring high data transmission rate. A streaming service (of audio andvideo), conversational video, and mobile Internet access will be morewidely used as more devices are connected to the Internet. These manyapplication programs require connectivity of an always turned-on statein order to push real-time information and alarm for users. Cloudstorage and applications are rapidly increasing in a mobilecommunication platform and may be applied to both work andentertainment. The cloud storage is a special use case which acceleratesgrowth of uplink data transmission rate. 5G is also used for remote workof cloud. When a tactile interface is used, 5G demands much lowerend-to-end latency to maintain user good experience. Entertainment, forexample, cloud gaming and video streaming, is another core element whichincreases demand for mobile broadband capability. Entertainment isessential for a smartphone and a tablet in any place including highmobility environments such as a train, a vehicle, and an airplane. Otheruse cases are augmented reality for entertainment and informationsearch. In this case, the augmented reality requires very low latencyand instantaneous data volume.

In addition, one of the most expected 5G use cases relates a functioncapable of smoothly connecting embedded sensors in all fields, i.e.,mMTC. It is expected that the number of potential Internet-of-things(IoT) devices will reach 204 hundred million up to the year of 2020. Anindustrial IoT is one of categories of performing a main role enabling asmart city, asset tracking, smart utility, agriculture, and securityinfrastructure through 5G.

URLLC includes a new service that will change industry through remotecontrol of main infrastructure and an ultra-reliable/availablelow-latency link such as a self-driving vehicle. A level of reliabilityand latency is essential to control a smart grid, automatize industry,achieve robotics, and control and adjust a drone.

5G is a means of providing streaming evaluated as a few hundred megabitsper second to gigabits per second and may complement fiber-to-the-home(FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such fast speed is neededto deliver TV in resolution of 4K or more (6K, 8K, and more), as well asvirtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) andaugmented reality (AR) applications include almost immersive sportsgames. A specific application program may require a special networkconfiguration. For example, for VR games, gaming companies need toincorporate a core server into an edge network server of a networkoperator in order to minimize latency.

Automotive is expected to be a new important motivated force in 5Gtogether with many use cases for mobile communication for vehicles. Forexample, entertainment for passengers requires high simultaneouscapacity and mobile broadband with high mobility. This is because futureusers continue to expect connection of high quality regardless of theirlocations and speeds. Another use case of an automotive field is an ARdashboard. The AR dashboard causes a driver to identify an object in thedark in addition to an object seen from a front window and displays adistance from the object and a movement of the object by overlappinginformation talking to the driver. In the future, a wireless moduleenables communication between vehicles, information exchange between avehicle and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange betweena vehicle and other connected devices (e.g., devices accompanied by apedestrian). A safety system guides alternative courses of a behavior sothat a driver may drive more safely drive, thereby lowering the dangerof an accident. The next stage will be a remotely controlled orself-driven vehicle. This requires very high reliability and very fastcommunication between different self-driven vehicles and between avehicle and infrastructure. In the future, a self-driven vehicle willperform all driving activities and a driver will focus only uponabnormal traffic that the vehicle cannot identify. Technicalrequirements of a self-driven vehicle demand ultra-low latency andultra-high reliability so that traffic safety is increased to a levelthat cannot be achieved by human being.

A smart city and a smart home/building mentioned as a smart society willbe embedded in a high-density wireless sensor network. A distributednetwork of an intelligent sensor will identify conditions for costs andenergy-efficient maintenance of a city or a home. Similar configurationsmay be performed for respective households. All of temperature sensors,window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and home appliances arewirelessly connected. Many of these sensors are typically low in datatransmission rate, power, and cost. However, real-time HD video may bedemanded by a specific type of device to perform monitoring.

Consumption and distribution of energy including heat or gas isdistributed at a higher level so that automated control of thedistribution sensor network is demanded. The smart grid collectsinformation and connects the sensors to each other using digitalinformation and communication technology so as to act according to thecollected information. Since this information may include behaviors of asupply company and a consumer, the smart grid may improve distributionof fuels such as electricity by a method having efficiency, reliability,economic feasibility, production sustainability, and automation. Thesmart grid may also be regarded as another sensor network having lowlatency.

Mission critical application (e.g., e-health) is one of 5G usescenarios. A health part contains many application programs capable ofenjoying benefit of mobile communication. A communication system maysupport remote treatment that provides clinical treatment in a farawayplace. Remote treatment may aid in reducing a barrier against distanceand improve access to medical services that cannot be continuouslyavailable in a faraway rural area. Remote treatment is also used toperform important treatment and save lives in an emergency situation.The wireless sensor network based on mobile communication may provideremote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate andblood pressure.

Wireless and mobile communication gradually becomes important in thefield of an industrial application. Wiring is high in installation andmaintenance cost. Therefore, a possibility of replacing a cable withreconstructible wireless links is an attractive opportunity in manyindustrial fields. However, in order to achieve this replacement, it isnecessary for wireless connection to be established with latency,reliability, and capacity similar to those of the cable and managementof wireless connection needs to be simplified. Low latency and a verylow error probability are new requirements when connection to 5G isneeded.

Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobilecommunication that enables inventory and package tracking anywhere usinga location-based information system. The use cases of logistics andfreight typically demand low data rate but require location informationwith a wide range and reliability.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the communication system 1 includes wirelessdevices 100 a to 100 f, base stations (BSs) 200, and a network 300.Although FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network ofthe communication system 1, the implementations of the presentdisclosure are not limited to the 5G system, and can be applied to thefuture communication system beyond the 5G system.

The BSs 200 and the network 300 may be implemented as wireless devicesand a specific wireless device may operate as a BS/network node withrespect to other wireless devices.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f represent devices performingcommunication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT(NR)) or LTE) and may be referred to as communication/radio/5G devices.The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may include, without being limitedto, a robot 100 a, vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2, an extended reality(XR) device 100 c, a hand-held device 100 d, a home appliance 100 e, anIoT device 100 f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device/server 400.For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wirelesscommunication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehiclecapable of performing communication between vehicles. The vehicles mayinclude an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR devicemay include an AR/VR/Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented inthe form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mountedin a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device,a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. Thehand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device(e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., anotebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and awashing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter.

In the present disclosure, the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may becalled user equipments (UEs). A UE may include, for example, a cellularphone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, apersonal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), anavigation system, a slate personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, anultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle having an autonomous traveling function,a connected car, an UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VRdevice, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTCdevice, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or afinancial device), a security device, a weather/environment device, adevice related to a 5G service, or a device related to a fourthindustrial revolution field.

The UAV may be, for example, an aircraft aviated by a wireless controlsignal without a human being onboard.

The VR device may include, for example, a device for implementing anobject or a background of the virtual world. The AR device may include,for example, a device implemented by connecting an object or abackground of the virtual world to an object or a background of the realworld. The MR device may include, for example, a device implemented bymerging an object or a background of the virtual world into an object ora background of the real world. The hologram device may include, forexample, a device for implementing a stereoscopic image of 360 degreesby recording and reproducing stereoscopic information, using aninterference phenomenon of light generated when two laser lights calledholography meet.

The public safety device may include, for example, an image relay deviceor an image device that is wearable on the body of a user.

The MTC device and the IoT device may be, for example, devices that donot require direct human intervention or manipulation. For example, theMTC device and the IoT device may include smartmeters, vending machines,thermometers, smartbulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

The medical device may be, for example, a device used for the purpose ofdiagnosing, treating, relieving, curing, or preventing disease. Forexample, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose ofdiagnosing, treating, relieving, or correcting injury or impairment. Forexample, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose ofinspecting, replacing, or modifying a structure or a function. Forexample, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose ofadjusting pregnancy. For example, the medical device may include adevice for treatment, a device for operation, a device for (in vitro)diagnosis, a hearing aid, or a device for procedure.

The security device may be, for example, a device installed to prevent adanger that may arise and to maintain safety. For example, the securitydevice may be a camera, a closed-circuit TV (CCTV), a recorder, or ablack box.

The FinTech device may be, for example, a device capable of providing afinancial service such as mobile payment. For example, the FinTechdevice may include a payment device or a point of sales (POS) system.

The weather/environment device may include, for example, a device formonitoring or predicting a weather/environment.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the network 300via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices100 a to 100 f and the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connectedto the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may beconfigured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR)network, and a beyond-5G network. Although the wireless devices 100 a to100 f may communicate with each other through the BSs 200/network 300,the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may perform direct communication(e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing throughthe BSs 200/network 300. For example, the vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)/vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g.,a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g.,sensors) or other wireless devices 100 a to 100 f.

Wireless communication/connections 150 a, 150 b and 150 c may beestablished between the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f and/or betweenwireless device 100 a to 100 f and BS 200 and/or between BSs 200.Herein, the wireless communication/connections may be establishedthrough various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication150 a, sidelink communication (or device-to-device (D2D) communication)150 b, inter-base station communication 150 c (e.g., relay, integratedaccess and backhaul (TAB)), etc. The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f andthe BSs 200/the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may transmit/receiveradio signals to/from each other through the wirelesscommunication/connections 150 a, 150 b and 150 c. For example, thewireless communication/connections 150 a, 150 b and 150 c maytransmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end,at least a part of various configuration information configuringprocesses, various signal processing processes (e.g., channelencoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and resourcemapping/de-mapping), and resource allocating processes, fortransmitting/receiving radio signals, may be performed based on thevarious proposals of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations ofthe present disclosure is applied.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a first wireless device 100 and a second wirelessdevice 200 may transmit/receive radio signals to/from an external devicethrough a variety of RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). In FIG. 2 , {the firstwireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspondto at least one of {the wireless device 100 a to 100 f and the BS 200},{the wireless device 100 a to 100 f and the wireless device 100 a to 100f} and/or {the BS 200 and the BS 200} of FIG. 1 .

The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 andone or more memories 104 and additionally further include one or moretransceivers 106 and/or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102may control the memory(s) 104 and/or the transceiver(s) 106 and may beconfigured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures,suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts described in thepresent disclosure. For example, the processor(s) 102 may processinformation within the memory(s) 104 to generate firstinformation/signals and then transmit radio signals including the firstinformation/signals through the transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102may receive radio signals including second information/signals throughthe transceiver(s) 106 and then store information obtained by processingthe second information/signals in the memory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and may store a variety ofinformation related to operations of the processor(s) 102. For example,the memory(s) 104 may store software code including commands forperforming a part or the entirety of processes controlled by theprocessor(s) 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions,procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts describedin the present disclosure. Herein, the processor(s) 102 and thememory(s) 104 may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chipdesigned to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 106 maybe connected to the processor(s) 102 and transmit and/or receive radiosignals through one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceiver(s) 106may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 106 maybe interchangeably used with radio frequency (RF) unit(s). In thepresent disclosure, the first wireless device 100 may represent acommunication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202and one or more memories 204 and additionally further include one ormore transceivers 206 and/or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s)202 may control the memory(s) 204 and/or the transceiver(s) 206 and maybe configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures,suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts described in thepresent disclosure. For example, the processor(s) 202 may processinformation within the memory(s) 204 to generate thirdinformation/signals and then transmit radio signals including the thirdinformation/signals through the transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202may receive radio signals including fourth information/signals throughthe transceiver(s) 106 and then store information obtained by processingthe fourth information/signals in the memory(s) 204. The memory(s) 204may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and may store a variety ofinformation related to operations of the processor(s) 202. For example,the memory(s) 204 may store software code including commands forperforming a part or the entirety of processes controlled by theprocessor(s) 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions,procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts describedin the present disclosure. Herein, the processor(s) 202 and thememory(s) 204 may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chipdesigned to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 206 maybe connected to the processor(s) 202 and transmit and/or receive radiosignals through one or more antennas 208. Each of the transceiver(s) 206may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 206 maybe interchangeably used with RF unit(s). In the present disclosure, thesecond wireless device 200 may represent a communicationmodem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 willbe described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may beimplemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implementone or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as physical (PHY)layer, media access control (MAC) layer, radio link control (RLC) layer,packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, radio resource control(RRC) layer, and service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). The oneor more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol dataunits (PDUs) and/or one or more service data unit (SDUs) according tothe descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one ormore processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information,data, or information according to the descriptions, functions,procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosedin the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 maygenerate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs,messages, control information, data, or information according to thedescriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure and providethe generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g.,baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 andacquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, orinformation according to the descriptions, functions, procedures,suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thepresent disclosure.

The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to ascontrollers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware,firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or moreapplication specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digitalsignal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices(DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or morefield programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one ormore processors 102 and 202. descriptions, functions, procedures,suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thepresent disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software and thefirmware or software may be configured to include the modules,procedures, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform thedescriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure may beincluded in the one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in the oneor more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures,suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thepresent disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software in theform of code, commands, and/or a set of commands.

The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals,messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands.The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by read-onlymemories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives,registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/orcombinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may belocated at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected tothe one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies suchas wired or wireless connection.

The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, controlinformation, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in thedescriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, to one ormore other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receiveuser data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentionedin the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, from one ormore other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and206 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 andtransmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or moretransceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, orradio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signalsfrom one or more other devices.

The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one ormore antennas 108 and 208 and the one or more transceivers 106 and 206may be configured to transmit and receive user data, controlinformation, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in thedescriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, through theone or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, the one ormore antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality oflogical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radiosignals/channels, etc., from RF band signals into baseband signals inorder to process received user data, control information, radiosignals/channels, etc., using the one or more processors 102 and 202.The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data,control information, radio signals/channels, etc., processed using theone or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band signals into theRF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters. For example, thetransceivers 106 and 206 can up-convert OFDM baseband signals to acarrier frequency by their (analog) oscillators and/or filters under thecontrol of the processors 102 and 202 and transmit the up-converted OFDMsignals at the carrier frequency. The transceivers 106 and 206 mayreceive OFDM signals at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDMsignals into OFDM baseband signals by their (analog) oscillators and/orfilters under the control of the transceivers 102 and 202.

In the implementations of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as atransmitting device in uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in downlink(DL). In the implementations of the present disclosure, a BS may operateas a receiving device in UL and as a transmitting device in DL.Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it is mainly assumed thatthe first wireless device 100 acts as the UE, and the second wirelessdevice 200 acts as the BS. For example, the processor(s) 102 connectedto, mounted on or launched in the first wireless device 100 may beconfigured to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation ofthe present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 106 to perform theUE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure.The processor(s) 202 connected to, mounted on or launched in the secondwireless device 200 may be configured to perform the BS behavioraccording to an implementation of the present disclosure or control thetransceiver(s) 206 to perform the BS behavior according to animplementation of the present disclosure.

In the present disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a node B (NB), aneNode B (eNB), or a gNB.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless device to which implementations ofthe present disclosure is applied.

The wireless device may be implemented in various forms according to ause-case/service (refer to FIG. 1 ).

Referring to FIG. 3 , wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to thewireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 2 and may be configured by variouselements, components, units/portions, and/or modules. For example, eachof the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional components140. The communication unit 110 may include a communication circuit 112and transceiver(s) 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 mayinclude the one or more processors 102 and 202 of FIG. 2 and/or the oneor more memories 104 and 204 of FIG. 2 . For example, the transceiver(s)114 may include the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 2and/or the one or more antennas 108 and 208 of FIG. 2 . The control unit120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory130, and the additional components 140 and controls overall operation ofeach of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the control unit120 may control an electric/mechanical operation of each of the wirelessdevices 100 and 200 based on programs/code/commands/information storedin the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit theinformation stored in the memory unit 130 to the exterior (e.g., othercommunication devices) via the communication unit 110 through awireless/wired interface or store, in the memory unit 130, informationreceived through the wireless/wired interface from the exterior (e.g.,other communication devices) via the communication unit 110.

The additional components 140 may be variously configured according totypes of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additionalcomponents 140 may include at least one of a power unit/battery,input/output (I/O) unit (e.g., audio I/O port, video I/O port), adriving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless devices 100 and 200 maybe implemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot (100a of FIG. 1 ), the vehicles (100 b-1 and 100 b-2 of FIG. 1 ), the XRdevice (100 c of FIG. 1 ), the hand-held device (100 d of FIG. 1 ), thehome appliance (100 e of FIG. 1 ), the IoT device (100 f of FIG. 1 ), adigital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device,an MTC device, a medicine device, a FinTech device (or a financedevice), a security device, a climate/environment device, the AIserver/device (400 of FIG. 1 ), the BSs (200 of FIG. 1 ), a networknode, etc. The wireless devices 100 and 200 may be used in a mobile orfixed place according to a use-example/service.

In FIG. 3 , the entirety of the various elements, components,units/portions, and/or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 maybe connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a partthereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110.For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the controlunit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected by wire and thecontrol unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelesslyconnected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component,unit/portion, and/or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 mayfurther include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, thecontrol unit 120 may be configured by a set of a communication controlprocessor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit(ECU), a graphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. Asanother example, the memory 130 may be configured by a RAM, a DRAM, aROM, a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or acombination thereof.

FIG. 4 shows another example of wireless devices to whichimplementations of the present disclosure is applied.

Referring to FIG. 4 , wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to thewireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 2 and may be configured by variouselements, components, units/portions, and/or modules.

The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver, suchas a transceiver 106, and at least one processing chip, such as aprocessing chip 101. The processing chip 101 may include at least oneprocessor, such a processor 102, and at least one memory, such as amemory 104. The memory 104 may be operably connectable to the processor102. The memory 104 may store various types of information and/orinstructions. The memory 104 may store a software code 105 whichimplements instructions that, when executed by the processor 102,perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methodsand/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. Forexample, the software code 105 may implement instructions that, whenexecuted by the processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions,procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosedin the present disclosure. For example, the software code 105 maycontrol the processor 102 to perform one or more protocols. For example,the software code 105 may control the processor 102 may perform one ormore layers of the radio interface protocol.

The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver,such as a transceiver 206, and at least one processing chip, such as aprocessing chip 201. The processing chip 201 may include at least oneprocessor, such a processor 202, and at least one memory, such as amemory 204. The memory 204 may be operably connectable to the processor202. The memory 204 may store various types of information and/orinstructions. The memory 204 may store a software code 205 whichimplements instructions that, when executed by the processor 202,perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methodsand/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. Forexample, the software code 205 may implement instructions that, whenexecuted by the processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions,procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosedin the present disclosure. For example, the software code 205 maycontrol the processor 202 to perform one or more protocols. For example,the software code 205 may control the processor 202 may perform one ormore layers of the radio interface protocol.

FIG. 5 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the presentdisclosure is applied.

Referring to FIG. 5 , a UE 100 may correspond to the first wirelessdevice 100 of FIG. 2 and/or the first wireless device 100 of FIG. 4 .

A UE 100 includes a processor 102, a memory 104, a transceiver 106, oneor more antennas 108, a power management module 110, a battery 1112, adisplay 114, a keypad 116, a subscriber identification module (SIM) card118, a speaker 120, and a microphone 122.

The processor 102 may be configured to implement the descriptions,functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operationalflowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The processor 102 may beconfigured to control one or more other components of the UE 100 toimplement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methodsand/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.Layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in theprocessor 102. The processor 102 may include ASIC, other chipset, logiccircuit and/or data processing device. The processor 102 may be anapplication processor. The processor 102 may include at least one of adigital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), agraphics processing unit (GPU), a modem (modulator and demodulator). Anexample of the processor 102 may be found in SNAPDRAGON™ series ofprocessors made by Qualcomm®, EXYNOS™ series of processors made bySamsung®, A series of processors made by Apple®, HELIO™ series ofprocessors made by MediaTek®, ATOM™ series of processors made by Intel®or a corresponding next generation processor.

The memory 104 is operatively coupled with the processor 102 and storesa variety of information to operate the processor 102. The memory 104may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory card, storage medium and/orother storage device. When the embodiments are implemented in software,the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g.,procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions,procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosedin the present disclosure. The modules can be stored in the memory 104and executed by the processor 102. The memory 104 can be implementedwithin the processor 102 or external to the processor 102 in which casethose can be communicatively coupled to the processor 102 via variousmeans as is known in the art.

The transceiver 106 is operatively coupled with the processor 102, andtransmits and/or receives a radio signal. The transceiver 106 includes atransmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 106 may include basebandcircuitry to process radio frequency signals. The transceiver 106controls the one or more antennas 108 to transmit and/or receive a radiosignal.

The power management module 110 manages power for the processor 102and/or the transceiver 106. The battery 112 supplies power to the powermanagement module 110.

The display 114 outputs results processed by the processor 102. Thekeypad 116 receives inputs to be used by the processor 102. The keypad16 may be shown on the display 114.

The SIM card 118 is an integrated circuit that is intended to securelystore the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number and itsrelated key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers onmobile telephony devices (such as mobile phones and computers). It isalso possible to store contact information on many SIM cards.

The speaker 120 outputs sound-related results processed by the processor102. The microphone 122 receives sound-related inputs to be used by theprocessor 102.

Hereinafter, an apparatus for transmitting positioning information insidelink communication system, according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure, will be described.

Referring to FIG. 5 , a wireless device 100 may include a processor 102,a memory 104, and a transceiver 106.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the processor102 may be configured to be coupled operably with the memory 104 and thetransceiver 106.

The processor 102 may be configured to determine positioning informationof the first wireless device based on a position of the first wirelessdevice. The processor 102 may be configured to split the positioninginformation into first positioning information and second positioninginformation. The processor 102 may be configured to control thetransceiver 106 to transmit, to a second wireless device, the firstpositioning information via sidelink control information (SCI). Theprocessor 102 may be configured to control the transceiver 106 totransmit, to the second wireless device, the second positioninginformation via a data unit.

Hereinafter, a processor for transmitting positioning information insidelink communication system, according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure, will be described.

The processor may be configured to control the wireless device todetermine positioning information of the first wireless device based ona position of the first wireless device. The processor may be configuredto control the wireless device to split the positioning information intofirst positioning information and second positioning information. Theprocessor may be configured to control the wireless device to transmit,to a second wireless device, the first positioning information viasidelink control information (SCI). The processor may be configured tocontrol the wireless device to transmit, to the second wireless device,the second positioning information via a data unit.

Hereinafter, a non-transitory computer-readable medium has storedthereon a plurality of instructions for transmitting positioninginformation in sidelink communication system, according to someembodiments of the present disclosure, will be described.

According to some embodiment of the present disclosure, the technicalfeatures of the present disclosure could be embodied directly inhardware, in a software executed by a processor, or in a combination ofthe two. For example, a method performed by a wireless device in awireless communication may be implemented in hardware, software,firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, a software may residein RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory,registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other storagemedium.

Some example of storage medium is coupled to the processor such that theprocessor can read information from the storage medium. In thealternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. Theprocessor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. For otherexample, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discretecomponents.

The computer-readable medium may include a tangible and non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium.

For example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include randomaccess memory (RAM) such as synchronous dynamic random access memory(SDRAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory(NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM),FLASH memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, or any othermedium that can be used to store instructions or data structures.Non-transitory computer-readable media may also include combinations ofthe above.

In addition, the method described herein may be realized at least inpart by a computer-readable communication medium that carries orcommunicates code in the form of instructions or data structures andthat can be accessed, read, and/or executed by a computer.

According to some embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium has stored thereon a plurality of instructions.The stored a plurality of instructions may be executed by a processor ofa wireless device. The stored a plurality of instructions may cause thewireless device to determine positioning information of the firstwireless device based on a position of the first wireless device. Thestored a plurality of instructions may cause the wireless device tosplit the positioning information into first positioning information andsecond positioning information. The stored a plurality of instructionsmay cause the wireless device to transmit, to a second wireless device,the first positioning information via sidelink control information(SCI). The stored a plurality of instructions may cause the wirelessdevice to transmit, to the second wireless device, the secondpositioning information via a data unit.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show an example of protocol stacks in a 3GPP basedwireless communication system to which implementations of the presentdisclosure is applied.

In particular, FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a radio interface userplane protocol stack between a UE and a BS and FIG. 7 illustrates anexample of a radio interface control plane protocol stack between a UEand a BS. The control plane refers to a path through which controlmessages used to manage call by a UE and a network are transported. Theuser plane refers to a path through which data generated in anapplication layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data aretransported. Referring to FIG. 6 , the user plane protocol stack may bedivided into Layer 1 (i.e., a PHY layer) and Layer 2. Referring to FIG.7 , the control plane protocol stack may be divided into Layer 1 (i.e.,a PHY layer), Layer 2, Layer 3 (e.g., an RRC layer), and a non-accessstratum (NAS) layer. Layer 1, Layer 2 and Layer 3 are referred to as anaccess stratum (AS).

In the 3GPP LTE system, the Layer 2 is split into the followingsublayers: MAC, RLC, and PDCP. In the 3GPP NR system, the Layer 2 issplit into the following sublayers: MAC, RLC, PDCP and SDAP. The PHYlayer offers to the MAC sublayer transport channels, the MAC sublayeroffers to the RLC sublayer logical channels, the RLC sublayer offers tothe PDCP sublayer RLC channels, the PDCP sublayer offers to the SDAPsublayer radio bearers. The SDAP sublayer offers to 5G core networkquality of service (QoS) flows.

In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the MACsublayer include: mapping between logical channels and transportchannels; multiplexing/de-multiplexing of MAC SDUs belonging to one ordifferent logical channels into/from transport blocks (TB) deliveredto/from the physical layer on transport channels; scheduling informationreporting; error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request(HARQ) (one HARQ entity per cell in case of carrier aggregation (CA));priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling; priorityhandling between logical channels of one UE by means of logical channelprioritization; padding. A single MAC entity may support multiplenumerologies, transmission timings and cells. Mapping restrictions inlogical channel prioritization control which numerology(ies), cell(s),and transmission timing(s) a logical channel can use.

Different kinds of data transfer services are offered by MAC. Toaccommodate different kinds of data transfer services, multiple types oflogical channels are defined, i.e., each supporting transfer of aparticular type of information. Each logical channel type is defined bywhat type of information is transferred. Logical channels are classifiedinto two groups: control channels and traffic channels. Control channelsare used for the transfer of control plane information only, and trafficchannels are used for the transfer of user plane information only.Broadcast control channel (BCCH) is a downlink logical channel forbroadcasting system control information, paging control channel (PCCH)is a downlink logical channel that transfers paging information, systeminformation change notifications and indications of ongoing publicwarning service (PWS) broadcasts, common control channel (CCCH) is alogical channel for transmitting control information between UEs andnetwork and used for UEs having no RRC connection with the network, anddedicated control channel (DCCH) is a point-to-point bi-directionallogical channel that transmits dedicated control information between aUE and the network and used by UEs having an RRC connection. Dedicatedtraffic channel (DTCH) is a point-to-point logical channel, dedicated toone UE, for the transfer of user information. A DTCH can exist in bothuplink and downlink. In downlink, the following connections betweenlogical channels and transport channels exist: BCCH can be mapped tobroadcast channel (BCH); BCCH can be mapped to downlink shared channel(DL-SCH); PCCH can be mapped to paging channel (PCH); CCCH can be mappedto DL-SCH; DCCH can be mapped to DL-SCH; and DTCH can be mapped toDL-SCH. In uplink, the following connections between logical channelsand transport channels exist: CCCH can be mapped to uplink sharedchannel (UL-SCH); DCCH can be mapped to UL-SCH; and DTCH can be mappedto UL-SCH.

The RLC sublayer supports three transmission modes: transparent mode(TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged node (AM). The RLCconfiguration is per logical channel with no dependency on numerologiesand/or transmission durations. In the 3GPP NR system, the main servicesand functions of the RLC sublayer depend on the transmission mode andinclude: transfer of upper layer PDUs; sequence numbering independent ofthe one in PDCP (UM and AM); error correction through ARQ (AM only);segmentation (AM and UM) and re-segmentation (AM only) of RLC SDUs;reassembly of SDU (AM and UM); duplicate detection (AM only); RLC SDUdiscard (AM and UM); RLC re-establishment; protocol error detection (AMonly).

In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the PDCPsublayer for the user plane include: sequence numbering; headercompression and decompression using robust header compression (ROHC);transfer of user data; reordering and duplicate detection; in-orderdelivery; PDCP PDU routing (in case of split bearers); retransmission ofPDCP SDUs; ciphering, deciphering and integrity protection; PDCP SDUdiscard; PDCP re-establishment and data recovery for RLC AM; PDCP statusreporting for RLC AM; duplication of PDCP PDUs and duplicate discardindication to lower layers. The main services and functions of the PDCPsublayer for the control plane include: sequence numbering; ciphering,deciphering and integrity protection; transfer of control plane data;reordering and duplicate detection; in-order delivery; duplication ofPDCP PDUs and duplicate discard indication to lower layers.

In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of SDAP include:mapping between a QoS flow and a data radio bearer; marking QoS flow ID(QFI) in both DL and UL packets. A single protocol entity of SDAP isconfigured for each individual PDU session.

In the 3GPP NR system, the main services and functions of the RRCsublayer include: broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS;paging initiated by 5GC or NG-RAN; establishment, maintenance andrelease of an RRC connection between the UE and NG-RAN; securityfunctions including key management; establishment, configuration,maintenance and release of signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radiobearers (DRBs); mobility functions (including: handover and contexttransfer, UE cell selection and reselection and control of cellselection and reselection, inter-RAT mobility); QoS managementfunctions; UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting;detection of and recovery from radio link failure; NAS message transferto/from NAS from/to UE.

FIG. 8 shows a frame structure in a 3GPP based wireless communicationsystem to which implementations of the present disclosure is applied.

The frame structure shown in FIG. 8 is purely exemplary and the numberof subframes, the number of slots, and/or the number of symbols in aframe may be variously changed. In the 3GPP based wireless communicationsystem, OFDM numerologies (e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS), transmissiontime interval (TTI) duration) may be differently configured between aplurality of cells aggregated for one UE. For example, if a UE isconfigured with different SCSs for cells aggregated for the cell, an(absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., a subframe, a slot,or a TTI) including the same number of symbols may be different amongthe aggregated cells. Herein, symbols may include OFDM symbols (orCP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA symbols (or discrete Fouriertransform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

Referring to FIG. 8 , downlink and uplink transmissions are organizedinto frames. Each frame has T_(f)=10 ms duration. Each frame is dividedinto two half-frames, where each of the half-frames has 5 ms duration.Each half-frame consists of 5 subframes, where the duration T_(sf) persubframe is 1 ms. Each subframe is divided into slots and the number ofslots in a subframe depends on a subcarrier spacing. Each slot includes14 or 12 OFDM symbols based on a cyclic prefix (CP). In a normal CP,each slot includes 14 OFDM symbols and, in an extended CP, each slotincludes 12 OFDM symbols. The numerology is based on exponentiallyscalable subcarrier spacing Δf=2^(u)*15 kHz.

Table 1 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot N^(slot) _(symb), thenumber of slots per frame N^(frame,u) _(slot), and the number of slotsper subframe N^(subframe,u) _(slot) for the normal CP, according to thesubcarrier spacing Δf=2^(u)*15 kHz.

TABLE 1 u N^(slot) _(symb) N^(frame,u) _(slot) N^(subframe,u) _(slot) 014 10 1 1 14 20 2 2 14 40 4 3 14 80 8 4 14 160 16

Table 2 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot N^(slot) _(symb), thenumber of slots per frame N^(frame,u) _(slot), and the number of slotsper subframe N^(subframe,u) _(slot) for the extended CP, according tothe subcarrier spacing of Δf=2^(u)*15 kHz.

TABLE 2 u N^(slot) _(symb) N^(frame,u) _(slot) N^(subframe,u) _(slot) 212 40 4

A slot includes plural symbols (e.g., 14 or 12 symbols) in the timedomain. For each numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing) and carrier, aresource grid of N^(size,u) _(grid,x)*N^(RB) _(sc) subcarriers andN^(subframe,u) _(symb) OFDM symbols is defined, starting at commonresource block (CRB) N^(start,u) _(grid) indicated by higher-layersignaling (e.g., RRC signaling), where N^(size,u) _(grid,x) is thenumber of resource blocks (RBs) in the resource grid and the subscript xis DL for downlink and UL for uplink. N^(RB) _(sc) is the number ofsubcarriers per RB. In the 3GPP based wireless communication system,N^(RB) _(sc) is 12 generally. There is one resource grid for a givenantenna port p, subcarrier spacing configuration u, and transmissiondirection (DL or UL). The carrier bandwidth N^(size,u) _(grid) forsubcarrier spacing configuration u is given by the higher-layerparameter (e.g., RRC parameter). Each element in the resource grid forthe antenna port p and the subcarrier spacing configuration u isreferred to as a resource element (RE) and one complex symbol may bemapped to each RE. Each RE in the resource grid is uniquely identifiedby an index k in the frequency domain and an index/representing a symbollocation relative to a reference point in the time domain. In the 3GPPbased wireless communication system, an RB is defined by 12 consecutivesubcarriers in the frequency domain. In the 3GPP NR system, RBs areclassified into CRBs and physical resource blocks (PRBs). CRBs arenumbered from 0 and upwards in the frequency domain for subcarrierspacing configuration u. The center of subcarrier 0 of CRB 0 forsubcarrier spacing configuration u coincides with ‘point A’ which servesas a common reference point for resource block grids. In the 3GPP NRsystem, PRBs are defined within a bandwidth part (BWP) and numbered from0 to N^(size) _(BWP,i)−1, where i is the number of the bandwidth part.The relation between the physical resource block n_(PRB) in thebandwidth part i and the common resource block n_(CRB) is as follows:n_(PRB)=n_(CRB)+N^(size) _(BWP,i), where N^(size) _(BWP,i) is the commonresource block where bandwidth part starts relative to CRB 0. The BWPincludes a plurality of consecutive RBs. A carrier may include a maximumof N (e.g., 5) BWPs. A UE may be configured with one or more BWPs on agiven component carrier. Only one BWP among BWPs configured to the UEcan active at a time. The active BWP defines the UE's operatingbandwidth within the cell's operating bandwidth.

The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency range,i.e., FR1 and FR2. The numerical value of the frequency range may bechanged. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1 andFR2) may be as shown in Table 3 below. For ease of explanation, in thefrequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean “sub 6 GHz range”,FR2 may mean “above 6 GHz range,” and may be referred to as millimeterwave (mmW).

TABLE 3 Frequency Range Corresponding frequency designation rangeSubcarrier Spacing FR1   450 MHz-6000 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

As mentioned above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NRsystem may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may includea frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. Forexample, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) ormore included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. Unlicensed bandsmay be used for a variety of purposes, for example for communication forvehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

TABLE 4 Frequency Range Corresponding frequency designation rangeSubcarrier Spacing FR1   410 MHz-7125 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

In the present disclosure, the term “cell” may refer to a geographicarea to which one or more nodes provide a communication system, or referto radio resources. A “cell” as a geographic area may be understood ascoverage within which a node can provide service using a carrier and a“cell” as radio resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) is associatedwith bandwidth which is a frequency range configured by the carrier. The“cell” associated with the radio resources is defined by a combinationof downlink resources and uplink resources, for example, a combinationof a DL component carrier (CC) and a UL CC. The cell may be configuredby downlink resources only, or may be configured by downlink resourcesand uplink resources. Since DL coverage, which is a range within whichthe node is capable of transmitting a valid signal, and UL coverage,which is a range within which the node is capable of receiving the validsignal from the UE, depends upon a carrier carrying the signal, thecoverage of the node may be associated with coverage of the “cell” ofradio resources used by the node. Accordingly, the term “cell” may beused to represent service coverage of the node sometimes, radioresources at other times, or a range that signals using the radioresources can reach with valid strength at other times. In CA, two ormore CCs are aggregated. A UE may simultaneously receive or transmit onone or multiple CCs depending on its capabilities. CA is supported forboth contiguous and non-contiguous CCs. When CA is configured, the UEonly has one RRC connection with the network. At RRC connectionestablishment/re-establishment/handover, one serving cell provides theNAS mobility information, and at RRC connectionre-establishment/handover, one serving cell provides the security input.This cell is referred to as the primary cell (PCell). The PCell is acell, operating on the primary frequency, in which the UE eitherperforms the initial connection establishment procedure or initiates theconnection re-establishment procedure. Depending on UE capabilities,secondary cells (SCells) can be configured to form together with thePCell a set of serving cells. An SCell is a cell providing additionalradio resources on top of special cell (SpCell). The configured set ofserving cells for a UE therefore always consists of one PCell and one ormore SCells. For dual connectivity (DC) operation, the term SpCellrefers to the PCell of the master cell group (MCG) or the primary SCell(PSCell) of the secondary cell group (SCG). An SpCell supports PUCCHtransmission and contention-based random access, and is alwaysactivated. The MCG is a group of serving cells associated with a masternode, comprised of the SpCell (PCell) and optionally one or more SCells.The SCG is the subset of serving cells associated with a secondary node,comprised of the PSCell and zero or more SCells, for a UE configuredwith DC. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED not configured with CA/DC, there isonly one serving cell comprised of the PCell. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTEDconfigured with CA/DC, the term “serving cells” is used to denote theset of cells comprised of the SpCell(s) and all SCells. In DC, two MACentities are configured in a UE: one for the MCG and one for the SCG.

FIG. 9 shows a data flow example in the 3GPP NR system to whichimplementations of the present disclosure is applied.

Referring to FIG. 9 , “RB” denotes a radio bearer, and “H” denotes aheader. Radio bearers are categorized into two groups: DRBs for userplane data and SRBs for control plane data. The MAC PDU istransmitted/received using radio resources through the PHY layer to/froman external device. The MAC PDU arrives to the PHY layer in the form ofa transport block.

In the PHY layer, the uplink transport channels UL-SCH and RACH aremapped to their physical channels PUSCH and PRACH, respectively, and thedownlink transport channels DL-SCH, BCH and PCH are mapped to PDSCH,PBCH and PDSCH, respectively. In the PHY layer, uplink controlinformation (UCI) is mapped to PUCCH, and downlink control information(DCI) is mapped to PDCCH. A MAC PDU related to UL-SCH is transmitted bya UE via a PUSCH based on an UL grant, and a MAC PDU related to DL-SCHis transmitted by a BS via a PDSCH based on a DL assignment.

Support for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X)services has been introduced in LTE during Releases 14 and 15, in orderto expand the 3GPP platform to the automotive industry. These work itemsdefined an LTE sidelink suitable for vehicular applications, andcomplementary enhancements to the cellular infrastructure.

Further to this work, requirements for support of enhanced V2X use caseshave been defined in 5G LTE/NR, which are broadly arranged into four usecase groups:

1) Vehicles platooning enables the vehicles to dynamically form aplatoon travelling together. All the vehicles in the platoon obtaininformation from the leading vehicle to manage this platoon. Theseinformation allow the vehicles to drive closer than normal in acoordinated manner, going to the same direction and travelling together.

2) Extended Sensors enables the exchange of raw or processed datagathered through local sensors or live video images among vehicles, roadsite units, devices of pedestrian and V2X application servers. Thevehicles can increase the perception of their environment beyond of whattheir own sensors can detect and have a more broad and holistic view ofthe local situation. High data rate is one of the key characteristics.

3) Advanced driving enables semi-automated or full-automated driving.Each vehicle and/or RSU shares its own perception data obtained from itslocal sensors with vehicles in proximity and that allows vehicles tosynchronize and coordinate their trajectories or maneuvers. Each vehicleshares its driving intention with vehicles in proximity too.

4) Remote driving enables a remote driver or a V2X application tooperate a remote vehicle for those passengers who cannot drive bythemselves or remote vehicles located in dangerous environments. For acase where variation is limited and routes are predictable, such aspublic transportation, driving based on cloud computing can be used.High reliability and low latency are the main requirements.

NR sidelink (SL) unicast, groupcast, and broadcast design is described.SL broadcast, groupcast, and unicast transmissions are supported for thein-coverage, out-of-coverage and partial-coverage scenarios.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show an example of PC5 protocol stacks to whichimplementations of the present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a PC5 control plane (PC5-C) protocolstack between UEs. The AS protocol stack for the control plane in thePC5 interface consists of at least RRC, PDCP, RLC and MAC sublayers, andthe physical layer.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a PC5 user plane (PC5-U) protocolstack between UEs. The AS protocol stack for user plane in the PC5interface consists of at least PDCP, RLC and MAC sublayers, and thephysical layer.

For the purposes of physical layer analysis, it is assumed that higherlayers decide if unicast, groupcast, or broadcast transmission is to beused for a particular data transfer, and they correspondingly inform thephysical layer. When considering a unicast or groupcast transmission, itis assumed that the UE is able to establish which unicast or groupcastsession a transmission belongs to, and that the following identities isknown to the physical layer:

-   -   The layer-1 destination ID, conveyed via physical sidelink        control channel (PSCCH)    -   Additional layer-1 ID(s), conveyed via PSCCH, at least for the        purpose of identifying which transmissions can be combined in        reception when HARQ feedback is in use    -   HARQ process ID

For the purpose of Layer 2 analysis, it is assumed that upper layers(i.e., above AS) provide the information on whether it is a unicast,groupcast or broadcast transmission for a particular data transfer. Forthe unicast and groupcast transmission in SL, the following identitiesis known to Layer 2:

-   -   Unicast: destination ID, source ID    -   Groupcast: destination group ID, source ID

Discovery procedure and related messages for the unicast and groupcasttransmission are up to upper layers.

At least the following two SL resource allocation modes are defined asfollows.

(1) Mode 1: BS schedules SL resource(s) to be used by UE for SLtransmission(s).

(2) Mode 2: UE determines, i.e., BS does not schedule, SL transmissionresource(s) within SL resources configured by BS/network orpre-configured SL resources.

The definition of SL resource allocation Mode 2 covers:

a) UE autonomously selects SL resource for transmission

b) UE assists SL resource selection for other UE(s)

c) UE is configured with NR configured grant (Type-1 like) for SLtransmission

d) UE schedules SL transmissions of other UEs

For SL resource allocation Mode 2, sensing and resource(re-)selection-related procedures may be considered. The sensingprocedure considered is defined as decoding sidelink control information(SCI) from other UEs and/or SL measurements. The resource (re-)selectionprocedure considered uses the results of the sensing procedure todetermine resource(s) for SL transmission.

For Mode 2(a), SL sensing and resource selection procedures may beconsidered in the context of a semi-persistent scheme where resource(s)are selected for multiple transmissions of different TBs and a dynamicscheme where resource(s) are selected for each TB transmission.

The following techniques may be considered to identify occupied SLresources:

-   -   Decoding of SL control channel transmissions    -   SL measurements    -   Detection of SL transmissions

The following aspects may be considered for SL resource selection:

-   -   How a UE selects resource for PSCCH and physical sidelink shared        channel (PSSCH) transmission (and other SL physical        channel/signals that are defined)    -   Which information is used by UE for resource selection procedure

Mode 2(b) is a functionality that can be part of Mode 2(a), (c), (d)operation.

For out-of-coverage operation, Mode 2(c) assumes a (pre-)configurationof single or multiple SL transmission patterns, defined on each SLresource pool. For in-coverage operation, Mode 2(c) assumes that gNBconfiguration indicates single or multiple SL transmission patterns,defined on each SL resource pool. If there is a single patternconfigured to a transmitting UE, there is no sensing procedure executedby UE, while if multiple patterns are configured, there is a possibilityof a sensing procedure.

A pattern is defined by the size and position(s) of the resource in timeand frequency, and the number of resources.

For Mode 2(d), the procedures to become or serve as a scheduling UE forin-coverage and out-of-coverage scenarios may be considered as follows:

-   -   Scheduling UE is configured by gNB    -   Application layer or pre-configuration selects scheduling UE    -   Receiver UE schedules transmissions of the transmitter UE during        the session    -   Scheduling UE is decided by multiple UEs including the one that        is finally selected. The UE may autonomously decide to serve as        a scheduling UE/offer scheduling UE functions (i.e., by        self-nomination).

Until Rel-15, broadcast transmission is supported only for V2Xcommunication. Broadcast transmission means that V2X transmission by onewireless device is broadcast to several unspecified wireless devices. Incase of NR V2X, unicast and groupcast transmission may also be supportedfor V2X communication as well as broadcast transmission. Unicasttransmission means that V2X transmission by one wireless device istransmitted to one specified other wireless device. Groupcasttransmission means that V2X transmission by one wireless device istransmitted to several specified other wireless devices which belongs toa group. Unicast transmission is expected to be used for highreliability and low latency cases, e.g., extended sensor sharing andremote driving, emergency, etc.

In NR V2X, one wireless device may establish a PC5 link (e.g.,one-to-one connection and/or session between wireless devices) forunicast service with another wireless device. PC5 Signaling protocolabove RRC layer in the wireless devices may be used for unicast linkestablishment and management. Based on the unicast link establishmentand management, the wireless devices may exchange PC5 signaling (i.e.,upper layer signaling than RRC signaling) to successfully orunsuccessfully establish a unicast link with security activation orrelease the established unicast link.

FIG. 12 shows an example of PC5 link setup to which implementations ofthe present disclosure is applied.

Referring to FIG. 12 , an initiating UE transmits a direct communicationrequest message to a target UE for PC5 link setup. Upon transmitting thedirect communication request message, the timer T4100 may start. Uponreceiving the direct communication request message from the initiatingUE, the target UE transmits a direct communication accept message to theinitiating UE in response to the direct communication request message.Upon transmitting the direct communication accept message, the timerT4108 may start. Upon receiving the direct communication accept messagefrom the target UE, PC5 link can be established successfully, upon whichthe timer T4100 may stop.

Alternatively, referring to FIG. 12 , an initiating UE transmits adirect communication request message to a target UE for PC5 link setup.Upon transmitting the direct communication request message, the timerT4100 may start. Upon receiving the direct communication request messagefrom the initiating UE, the target UE transmits a direct communicationreject message to the initiating UE in response to the directcommunication request message. Upon receiving the direct communicationreject message from the target UE, PC5 link setup procedure may stop,upon which the timer T4100 may stop.

FIG. 13 shows an example of security mode control to whichimplementations of the present disclosure is applied.

Referring to FIG. 13 , a commanding UE transmits a direct security modecommand message to a peer UE for security mode control. Upontransmitting the direct security mode command message, the timer T4111may start. Upon receiving the direct security mode command message fromthe commanding UE, the peer UE transmits a direct security mode completemessage to the commanding UE in response to the direct security modecommand message. Upon receiving the direct security mode completemessage from the peer UE, security mode can be controlled successfully,upon which the timer T4111 may stop.

Alternatively, referring to FIG. 13 , a commanding UE transmits a directsecurity mode command message to a peer UE for security mode control.Upon transmitting the direct security mode command message, the timerT4111 may start. Upon receiving the direct security mode command messagefrom the commanding UE, the peer UE transmits a direct security modereject message to the commanding UE in response to the direct securitymode command message. Upon receiving the direct security mode rejectmessage from the peer UE, security mode control procedure may stop, uponwhich the timer T4111 may stop.

FIG. 14 shows an example of PC5 link release to which implementations ofthe present disclosure is applied.

Referring to FIG. 14 , a releasing UE transmits a direct communicationrelease message to a peer UE for PC5 link release. Upon transmitting thedirect communication release message, the timer T4103 may start. Uponreceiving the direct communication release message from the releasingUE, the peer UE transmits a direct communication release accept messageto the releasing UE in response to the direct communication releasemessage. Upon receiving the direct communication release accept messagefrom the peer UE, PC5 link can be released successfully, upon which thetimer T4103 may stop.

A wireless device supporting sidelink communication can perform sidelinktransmission and reception. In NR V2X, one wireless device can establisha PC5 link (for example, one-to-one connection or session betweenwireless devices) for one or more unicast services with another wirelessdevice.

PC5 Signalling Protocol above RRC layer in the wireless devices can beused for unicast link establishment and management so that the wirelessdevices may exchange PC5 signalling (for example, upper layer signallingthan RRC signalling) to successfully or unsuccessfully establish aunicast link with security activation or release the established unicastlink for a unicast or groupcast session.

Hereinafter, QoS handling for V2X communication is described. It may bereferred to as Section 5.6 of 3GPP TS 23.287 v0.3.0.

For LTE based PC5, the QoS handling is defined, based on ProSePer-Packet Priority (PPPP) and ProSe Per-Packet Reliability (PPPR).

For NR based PC5, a QoS model similar to that defined for Uu referencepoint is used, i.e. based on 5QIs, with additional parameter of Range.For the V2X communication over NR based PC5 reference point, a QoS flowis associated with a PC5 QoS profile that contains the QoS parameters. Aset of standardized PC5 5QIs (PQI) are defined below. The UE may beconfigured with a set of default PC5 QoS profiles to use for the V2Xservices. For NR based unicast, groupcast and broadcast PC5communication, Per-flow QoS model for PC5 QoS management shall beapplied.

The following principles apply when the V2X communication is carriedover PC5 reference point:

-   -   Application layer may set the QoS requirements for the V2X        communication, using either PPPP and PPPR model or the PQI and        Range model. Depends on the type of PC5 reference point, i.e.        LTE based or NR based, selected for the transmission, the UE may        map the application layer provided QoS requirements to the        suitable QoS parameters to be passed to the lower layer.    -   When groupcast or unicast mode of V2X communication over NR        based PC5 is used, a Range parameter is associated with the QoS        parameters for the V2X communication. The Range may be provided        by V2X application layer or use a default value mapped from the        service type. The Range indicates the minimum distance that the        QoS parameters need to be fulfilled. The Range parameter is        passed to AS layer together with the QoS parameters for dynamic        control.    -   NR based PC5 supports three types of communication mode, i.e.        broadcast, groupcast, and unicast. The QoS handling of these        different modes are provided.    -   The UE may handle broadcast, groupcast, and unicast traffic by        taking all their priorities, e.g. indicated by PQIs, into        account.    -   For broadcast and groupcast modes of V2X communication over NR        based PC5, standardized PQI values are applied by the UE, as        there is no signalling over PC5 reference point for these cases.    -   When network scheduled operation mode is used, the UE-PC5-AMBR        for NR based PC5 applies to all types of communication modes,        and is used by NG-RAN for capping the UE's NR based PC5        transmission in the resources management.

PQI is described. A PQI is a special 5QI and is used as a reference toPC5 QoS characteristics, i.e. parameters that control QoS forwardingtreatment for the packets over PC5 reference point.

Standardized PQI values have one-to-one mapping to a standardizedcombination of PC5 QoS characteristics.

PC5 QoS characteristics are described.

This clause specifies the PC5 QoS characteristics associated with PQI.The following characteristics applies, with differences explained infollowing clauses:

1 Resource Type (GBR, Delay critical GBR or Non-GBR);

2 Priority Level;

3 Packet Delay Budget;

4 Packet Error Rate;

5 Averaging window (for GBR and Delay-critical GBR resource type only);

6 Maximum Data Burst Volume (for Delay-critical GBR resource type only).

Standardized or pre-configured PC5 QoS characteristics, are indicatedthrough the PQI value.

Upper layer may indicate specific PC5 QoS characteristics together withPQI to override the standardized or pre-configured value.

The Priority Level has the same format and meaning as that of the ProSePer-Packet Priority (PPPP).

The Priority Level shall be used to different treatment of V2X servicedata across different mode of communication, i.e. broadcast, groupcast,and unicast. In case when all QoS requirements cannot be fulfilled forall the PC5 service data, the Priority Level shall be used to select forwhich PC5 service data the QoS requirements are prioritized such that aPC5 service data with Priority Level value N is prioritized over PC5service data with higher Priority Level values, i.e. N+1, N+2, etc.(lower number meaning higher priority).

Identifiers for V2X communication over PC5 reference point is described.It may be referred to as Section 5.6 of 3GPP TS 23.287 v0.3.0.

Each UE has one or more Layer-2 IDs for V2X communication over PC5reference point, consisting of:

-   -   Source Layer-2 ID(s); and    -   Destination Layer-2 ID(s).

Source and destination Layer-2 IDs are included in layer-2 frames senton the layer-2 link of the PC5 reference point identifying the layer-2source and destination of these frames. Source Layer-2 IDs are alwaysself-assigned by the UE originating the corresponding layer-2 frames.

The selection of the source and destination Layer-2 ID(s) by a UEdepends on the communication mode of V2X communication over PC5reference point for this layer-2 link. The source Layer-2 IDs may differbetween different communication modes.

When IP-based V2X communication is supported, the UE configures a linklocal IPv6 address to be used as the source IP address. The UE may usethis IP address for V2X communication over PC5 reference point withoutsending Neighbour Solicitation and Neighbour Advertisement message forDuplicate Address Detection.

If the UE has an active V2X application that requires privacy support inthe current Geographical Area, as identified by configuration, in orderto ensure that a source UE (e.g. vehicle) cannot be tracked oridentified by any other UEs (e.g. vehicles) beyond a certain shorttime-period required by the application, the source Layer-2 ID shall bechanged over time and shall be randomized. For IP-based V2Xcommunication over PC5 reference point, the source IP address shall alsobe changed over time and shall be randomized. The change of theidentifiers of a source UE must be synchronized across layers used forPC5, e.g. when the application layer identifier changes, the sourceLayer-2 ID and the source IP address need to be changed.

Meanwhile, a wireless device may transmit a Sidelink Control Information(SCI) and SL data on SL Shared Channel (SL-SCH) to another wirelessdevice for a service.

For NR V2X sidelink, the service should be served based on thecommunication range such as a distance between the wireless device andthe other wireless device. However, the wireless device can not exactlyidentify how far the other wireless device is located from the wirelessdevice.

Therefore, studies for transmitting positioning information in sidelinkcommunication system is needed.

Hereinafter, a method and apparatus for transmitting positioninginformation in sidelink communication system, according to someembodiments of the present disclosure, will be described with referenceto the following drawings.

The following drawings are created to explain specific embodiments ofthe present disclosure. The names of the specific devices or the namesof the specific signals/messages/fields shown in the drawings areprovided by way of example, and thus the technical features of thepresent disclosure are not limited to the specific names used in thefollowing drawings. Herein, a wireless device may be referred to as auser equipment (UE).

FIG. 15 shows an example of a method for transmitting positioninginformation in sidelink communication system, according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. In particular, FIG. 15 shows anexample of a method for transmitting, by a first wireless device,positioning information of the first wireless device to a secondwireless device.

In step 1501, a first wireless device may determine positioninginformation of the first wireless device based on a position of thefirst wireless device.

For example, the positioning information may include Global NavigationSatellite System (GNSS) information indicating where the first wirelessdevice is located.

In step 1502, a first wireless device may split the positioninginformation into first positioning information and second positioninginformation.

For example, the first positioning information may be relatively fastvarying positioning information while the second positioning informationmay be relatively slowly varying positioning information.

In step 1503, a first wireless device may transmit, to a second wirelessdevice, the first positioning information via sidelink controlinformation (SCI).

For example, a first wireless device may trigger transmission of thefirst positioning information upon every transmission of a media accesscontrol (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) to the second wireless device.For example, a wireless device may transmit the first positioninginformation whenever a SCI is transmitted.

In step 1504, a first wireless device may transmitting, to the secondwireless device, the second positioning information via a data unit.

For example, the unit data may be transmitted via sidelink sharedchannel (SL-SCH) based on the SCI. In other words, whenever the secondpart of the positioning information is triggered, the first wirelessdevice may include the second positioning information in the data unitand the first positioning information in the SCI. Then, the firstwireless device may transmit the SCI and SL-SCH carrying the data unitbased on the SCI information.

For example, the first wireless device may trigger transmission of thesecond positioning information based on that the first wireless deviceinitially transmits the positioning information to the second wirelessdevice. That is, the first wireless device may trigger a SL-SCHtransmission of the second positioning information when the firstwireless device initially transmits the positioning information for acertain destination or a certain service in sidelink.

For example, the first wireless device may trigger transmission of thesecond positioning information based on that difference between thecurrent position of the first wireless device and previously transmittedposition of the first wireless device is above a threshold. For example,the threshold may be indicated by the network. For another example, thethreshold may be pre-configured and stored in the first wireless device.

For example, the first wireless device may trigger transmission of thesecond positioning information periodically after initial transmission.That is, the first wireless device may trigger transmission of thesecond positioning information when a configured time duration elapsesafter the latest transmission of the second positioning information.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the SCI and/ora header of the data unit may include at least one of identities (IDs).

For example, the IDs includes a Source Layer-2 ID and/or a DestinationLayer-2 ID, and/or a Link Identifier

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the firstwireless device may receive configuration for reporting of thepositioning information from the second wireless device.

For example, the first wireless device may receive, from the secondwireless device, position information of the second wireless device. Forexample, the configuration may include positioning information of thesecond wireless device.

For example, the first wireless device may receive at least one of IDsof the second wireless device. For example, the received configurationor the received positioning information of the second wireless devicemay include the at least one of IDs.

The first wireless device may determine a communication range based onthe position information of the first wireless device and thepositioning information of the first second wireless device.

For example, the first wireless device may determine the communicationrange corresponding to the received at least one of IDs. For example,the first wireless device may update the communication rangecorresponding to the received ID upon receiving the positioninginformation of the second wireless device.

The first wireless device may stop transmitting, to the second wirelessdevice, the positioning information of the first wireless device basedon that the determined communication range is larger than apredetermined target range or the predetermined target range set. Forexample, the first wireless device may stop updating the communicationrange for a certain period of time when the determined communicationrange is larger than the predetermined target range or the predeterminedtarget range set.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the firstwireless device is in communication with at least one of a userequipment, a network, or an autonomous vehicle other than the firstwireless device.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, sidelinkresource allocation may be applied to a method for transmittingpositioning information in sidelink communication system.

If a first UE is in RRC_CONNECTED state and configured for gNB scheduledsidelink resource allocation, the first UE may transmit Sidelink UEInformation including Traffic Pattern of Service, TX carriers and/or RXcarriers mapped to Service, QoS information related to Service (e.g.5QI, PPPP, PPPR, QCI value), and Destination related to Service

After receiving Sidelink UE Information, gNB may construct SidelinkConfiguration at least including one or more resource pools for Serviceand Sidelink BSR configuration. gNB may signal the SidelinkConfiguration to the first UE and then the first UE may configure lowerlayers with Sidelink Configuration.

If a message becomes available in L2 buffer for sidelink transmission,the first UE may trigger Scheduling Request (SR), so that the first UEtransmits PUCCH resource. If PUCCH resource is not configured, the firstUE may perform random access procedure as the Scheduling Request. If anuplink grant is given at a result of the SR, the first UE may transmitSidelink Buffer Status Report (SL BSR) to gNB. The Sidelink BufferStatus Report may indicate at least a Destination index, a LCG, and abuffer size corresponding to the destination.

After receiving the SL BSR, gNB may transmit a sidelink grant to thefirst UE e.g. by sending Downlink Control Information (DCI) in PDCCH.The DCI may include an allocated sidelink resource. If the first UEreceives the DCI, the first UE uses the sidelink grant for transmissionto the second UE.

Alternatively, if the first UE is configured for UE autonomousscheduling of sidelink resource allocation regardless of RRC state, thefirst UE may autonomously select or reselect sidelink resources tocreate a sidelink grant used for transmission to the second UE.

FIG. 16 shows an example of a method for transmitting positioninginformation in sidelink communication system, according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. In particular, FIG. 16 shows anexample of method for performing sidelink communication for a UE.

In step 1601, the UE may determine positioning information indicating aposition of the UE, for example, Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) information indicating where the UE is located. Then, the UE maysplit the determined positioning information into the first part and thesecond part.

For example, the first part may be relatively fast varying positioninginformation while the second part may be relatively slowly varyingpositioning information.

In step 1602, the UE may trigger transmission of the first part of thepositioning information whenever a SCI is transmitted, for example, forevery transmission of a MAC PDU in sidelink.

In step 1603, if one of the following conditions is met, the UE maytrigger a SL-SCH transmission of the second part of the positioninginformation.

For example, the UE may trigger a SL-SCH transmission of the second partof the positioning information, when the UE initially transmits thepositioning information for a certain destination or a certain servicein sidelink.

For example, the UE may trigger a SL-SCH transmission of the second partof the positioning information, when difference between the currentposition of the UE and the previously transmitted position of the UE isabove a threshold indicated by the network or pre-configuration storedin the UE.

For example, the UE may trigger a SL-SCH transmission of the second partof the positioning information, when a configured time duration elapsesafter the latest transmission of the positioning information (forexample, periodically after initial transmission).

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, whenever onlythe first part of the positioning information is triggered, the UE mayinclude the first part of the positioning information in the SCI andtransmit the SCI.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, whenever thesecond part of the positioning information is triggered, the UE mayinclude the second part of the positioning information in a data unitand the first part of the positioning information in the SCI. Then, theUE may transmit the SCI and SL-SCH carrying the data unit based on theSCI information.

For example, the SCI may indicate a priority of the positioninginformation set by the network or the pre-configuration.

FIG. 17 shows an example of a method for transmitting positioninginformation in sidelink communication system, according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. In particular, FIG. 17 shows anexample of method for transmitting a positioning information performedby a first UE which transmits the positioning information.

In step 1701, the first UE may receive configuration of reporting of thepositioning information from the second UE. The configuration mayinclude the positioning information of the second UE.

In step 1702, the first UE may determine positioning informationindicating a position of the first UE, for example, GNSS informationindicating where the UE is located. Then, the UE may split thedetermined positioning information into the first part and the secondpart.

For example, the first pert may be relatively fast varying positioninginformation while the second part may be relatively slowly varyingpositioning information.

For example, if the positioning information of the second UE wasreceived, the first UE may determine the positioning information of thefirst UE as difference between the positioning information of the secondUE and the positioning information of the first UE.

In step 1703, the first UE may trigger transmission of the first part ofthe positioning information whenever a SCI is transmitted, for example,for every transmission of a MAC PDU in sidelink.

In step 1704, if one of the following conditions is met, the first UEmay trigger a SL-SCH transmission of the second part of the positioninginformation.

Firstly, when the UE initially transmits the positioning information fora certain destination or a certain service in sidelink, the first UE maytrigger a SL-SCH transmission of the second part of the positioninginformation.

Secondly, when difference between the current position of the first UEand the previously transmitted position of the first UE is above athreshold indicated by the network or pre-configuration stored in thefirst UE, the first UE may trigger a SL-SCH transmission of the secondpart of the positioning information.

Thirdly, when a configured time duration elapses after the latesttransmission of the positioning information (for example, periodicallyafter initial transmission), the first UE may trigger a SL-SCHtransmission of the second part of the positioning information.

In step 1705, whenever only the first part of the positioninginformation is triggered, the first UE may include the first part of thepositioning information in the SCI and transmits the SCI.

In step 1706, whenever the second part of the positioning information istriggered, the first UE may include the second part of the positioninginformation in a data unit and the first part of the positioninginformation in the SCI. Then, the first UE may transmit the SCI andSL-SCH carrying the data unit based on the SCI information.

For example, the SCI may indicate a priority of the positioninginformation set by the network or the pre-configuration.

For example, whenever the second part of the positioning information istriggered, if no resource is reserved from the second part of thepositioning information, the first UE may reserve a resource by usingthe priority of the positioning information or the priority of SidelinkTraffic Channel (STCH) carrying the positioning information fortransmission of the SCI and the SL-SCH.

For example, the data unit may be a MAC PDU or a PC5-RRC message. Thesecond part of the positioning information may be indicated in theheader of the MAC PDU, a MAC Control Element included in the MAC PDU, ora PC5-RRC message included in the MAC PDU.

For example, if a SCI and a data unit are retransmitted, the first partof the positioning information indicated by the SCI may not be changedfor new transmission and retransmissions of the data unit.

FIG. 18 shows an example of a method for transmitting positioninginformation in sidelink communication system, according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. In particular, FIG. 18 shows anexample of method for transmitting a positioning information performedby a second UE which receives the positioning information.

In step 1801, the second UE may receive a SCI and a SL-SCH carrying adata unit. The SCI and/or the header of the data unit may indicate oneor more IDs (for example, a Source Layer-2 ID and/or a DestinationLayer-2 ID, or a Link Identifier).

In step 1802, the second UE may acquire the first part of thepositioning information from the received SCI and the second part of thepositioning information from the data unit. The second UE may determinethe positioning information indicating the current position of the firstUE by combining the first part and the second part.

In step 1803, whenever the second UE receives the first part of thepositing information from a SCI indicating the ID(s), the second UE mayupdate the positioning information of the first UE by using the firstpart of the positing information recently received from the SCI.

In step 1804, whenever the second UE receives the second part of thepositing information from a data unit indicating the ID(s), the secondUE updates the positioning information of the first UE by using thesecond part of the positing information recently received from the dataunit.

In step 1805, the second UE may determine positioning informationindicating a position of the second UE, for example, GNSS informationindicating where the second UE is located. The second UE may determine acommunication range for the ID.

For example, the second UE may determine a communication range based onthe distance between the first UE and the second UE by using thereceived positioning information of the first UE and the determinedpositioning information of the second UE.

Whenever each of the received positioning information of the first UEand the determined positioning information of the second UE changes, thesecond UE may update the communication range for the ID.

In step 1806, the second UE may perform sidelink transmission to thefirst UE based on the determined communication range.

In step 1807, if the communication range is larger than a target rangeset for the ID (or a service mapped to the ID) for a certain duration,the second UE may stop determining the communication range.

For example, the second UE may also transmit the first part and thesecond part of the positioning information of the second UE as the firstUE does. In this case, the first UE may also determine the communicationrange. If the communication range is larger than a target range set forthe ID (or a service mapped to the ID) for a certain duration, the firstUE may stop transmitting the positioning information of the first UE anddetermining the communication range for the ID.

FIG. 19 shows an example of a method for transmitting positioninginformation in sidelink communication system, according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. In particular, FIG. 19 shows anexample of method for determining positioning information for a UEperforming sidelink communication.

In step 1901, a first UE (UE1) and a second UE (UE2) may establishPC5-RRC connection each other.

In step 1902, the second UE may transmit, to the first UE, configurationof location reporting. For example, the configuration of the locationreporting may include the location of the second UE.

In step 1903, the first UE may determine the location of the first UE.

In step 1904, the first UE may transmit SCI indicating the first part ofthe location of the first UE.

In step 1905, the first UE may transmit the SL-SCH carrying a MAC PDUindicating the second part of the location of the first UE. For example,the first UE may initially transmit the positioning information.

In step 1906, the second UE may determine the location of the second UE.

In step 1907, the second UE may determine communication range. Forexample, the second UE may determine the communication range based onthe received location of the first UE and the determined location of thesecond UE.

For example, transmission of the location of the first UE may performedin a reporting period. In other words, reception of the location anddetermination of the communication range may be performed in a reportingperiod. For example, step 1904 to 1907 may be performed in a reportingperiod.

For another example, multiple transmission of the location of the firstUE may performed in a reporting period. In other words, multiplereception of the location and multiple determination of thecommunication range may be performed in a reporting period. For example,step 1908 to 1916 may be performed in a reporting period.

In step 1908, the first UE may transmit SCI indicating the first part ofthe location of the first UE.

In step 1909, the first UE may transmit the SL-SCH carrying a MAC PDUindicating the second part of the location of the first UE. For example,the first UE may periodically transmit the positioning information afterthe initial transmission.

In step 1910, the second UE may determine the location of the second UE.

In step 1911, the second UE may determine communication range.

In step 1912, there could be a big change in the location of the firstUE.

In step 1913, the first UE may transmit SCI indicating the first part ofthe location of the first UE.

In step 1914, the first UE may transmit the SL-SCH carrying a MAC PDUindicating the second part of the location of the first UE. For example,the first UE may transmit the positioning information since differencebetween the current position of the first UE and the previouslytransmitted position of the first UE is above a threshold.

In step 1915, the second UE may determine the location of the second UE.

In step 1916, the second UE may determine communication range.

The present disclosure can have various advantageous effects.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure described withreference to FIGS. 15 to 19 , a wireless device could transmitpositioning information efficiently in sidelink communication system.

For example, a wireless device may transmit location information via adirect link with the other wireless device by splitting location of thewireless device into two parts.

For example, the wireless device may determine a communication rangebased on the location of the other wireless device transmitted via thedirect link.

For example, the wireless device could reliably support a quality of aservice in sidelink communication based on the communication range.

For example, the wireless device may be provided the communication rangefor the direct link.

Advantageous effects which can be obtained through specific embodimentsof the present disclosure are not limited to the advantageous effectslisted above. For example, there may be a variety of technical effectsthat a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understandand/or derive from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the specificeffects of the present disclosure are not limited to those explicitlydescribed herein, but may include various effects that may be understoodor derived from the technical features of the present disclosure.

Claims in the present disclosure can be combined in a various way. Forinstance, technical features in method claims of the present disclosurecan be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, andtechnical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implementedor performed in a method. Further, technical features in method claim(s)and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed inan apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) andapparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in amethod. Other implementations are within the scope of the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method performed by a first wireless device ina wireless communication system, the method comprising, determiningpositioning information of the first wireless device based on a positionof the first wireless device; splitting the positioning information intofirst positioning information and second positioning information;transmitting, to a second wireless device, the first positioninginformation via sidelink control information (SCI); and transmitting, tothe second wireless device, the second positioning information via adata unit.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method furthercomprises, triggering transmission of the first positioning informationupon every transmission of a media access control (MAC) protocol dataunit (PDU) to the second wireless device.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein the data unit is transmitted via sidelink shared channel(SL-SCH) based on the SCI.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the methodfurther comprises, triggering transmission of the second positioninginformation based on that the first wireless device initially transmitsthe positioning information to the second wireless device.
 5. The methodof claim 1, wherein the method further comprises, triggeringtransmission of the second positioning information based on thatdifference between current position of the first wireless device andpreviously transmitted position of the first wireless device is above athreshold.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method furthercomprises, triggering transmission of the second positioning informationperiodically after initial transmission.
 7. The method of claim 1,wherein the positioning information includes Global Navigation SatelliteSystem (GNSS) information indicating where the first wireless device islocated.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises,receiving configuration for reporting of the positioning informationfrom the second wireless device.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein themethod further comprises, receiving, from the second wireless device,position information of the second wireless device.
 10. The method ofclaim 9, wherein the method further comprises, determining acommunication range based on the position information of the firstwireless device and the positioning information of the first secondwireless device.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method furthercomprises, stopping transmitting, to the second wireless device, thepositioning information of the first wireless device based on that thedetermined communication range is larger than a predetermined targetrange.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the SCI and/or a header of thedata unit includes at least one of identities (IDs).
 13. The method ofclaim 11, wherein the IDs include a Source Layer-2 ID and/or aDestination Layer-2 ID, and/or a Link Identifier.
 14. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first wireless device is in communication with atleast one of a user equipment, a network, or an autonomous vehicle otherthan the first wireless device.
 15. A first wireless device in awireless communication system comprising: a transceiver; a memory; andat least one processor operatively coupled to the transceiver and thememory, and configured to: determine positioning information of thefirst wireless device based on a position of the first wireless device;split the positioning information into first positioning information andsecond positioning information; control the transceiver to transmit, toa second wireless device, the first positioning information via sidelinkcontrol information (SCI); and control the transceiver to transmit, tothe second wireless device, the second positioning information via adata unit.
 16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having storedthereon a plurality of instructions, which, when executed by a processorof a wireless device, cause the wireless device to: determinepositioning information of the first wireless device based on a positionof the first wireless device; split the positioning information intofirst positioning information and second positioning information;transmit, to a second wireless device, the first positioning informationvia sidelink control information (SCI); and transmit, to the secondwireless device, the second positioning information via a data unit.